《植物生理学报》 2016, 52(4): 560-568

濒危植物羽叶丁香种子休眠与萌发特性研究

和子森¹, 陈苏依勒³, 程明¹, 温晋芳¹, 蔡靖¹, 姜在民^2,*

西北农林科技大学¹林学院, ²生命学院, 陕西杨凌712100; ³内蒙古阿拉善盟蒙医医院, 内蒙古阿拉善左旗750300

通信作者：姜在民；E-mail: jiangzmz@163.com

摘　要：

以濒危植物羽叶丁香(Syringa pinnatifolia)种子为材料, 通过形态观察、种子吸水规律测定及其种子水浸液对白菜种子发芽率的影响等几个方面探究了羽叶丁香种子的基本休眠机制。通过室内发芽试验探究了不同浸种温度和赤霉素(GA₃)浓度对羽叶丁香种子萌发特性的影响, 并且模拟了不同温度和光照条件对种子萌发特性的影响。结果显示, 羽叶丁香种子随温度升高吸水速率加快, 最终吸水率在96%~121%之间, 表明种子吸水性良好, 不具有物理休眠特性; 种子内部含有水溶性萌发抑制物, 具有化学休眠特性, 可通过控制浸种时间解除萌发抑制物的限制; 30°C是羽叶丁香种子最好的浸种温度, 发芽率和发芽势分别达到了86.00%±4.00%和54.00%±8.71%, 发芽指数为5.44±0.44; 浸种处理后的种子放在15和25°C恒温无光照条件下测试所得的发芽指标最好, 发芽起始时间最短, 回归分析结果显示光照是影响发芽率最显著的生态因子; GA₃处理并没有显著提高种子发芽率和发芽势, 但高浓度(400~800 mg•L^-1) GA₃处理能够加快胚的生长速率, 缩短萌发持续时间, 说明羽叶丁香种子具有部分形态休眠特性。

关键词：濒危植物; 羽叶丁香; 种子; 休眠机制

收稿：2016-01-25   修定：2016-03-14

资助：林业公益性行业科研专项(201204308)。

Seed dormancy and germination characteristics of Syringa pinnatifolia, an endangered plant in China

HE Zi-Sen¹, CHEN Suyile³, CHENG Ming¹, WEN Jin-Fang¹, CAI Jing¹, JIANG Zai-Min^2,*

¹College of Forestry, and ²College of Life Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shannxi 712100, China; ³Mongolian Medicine Hospital in Alxa League of Inner Mongolia, Alxa Left Banner, Inner Mongolia 750300, China

Corresponding author: JIANG Zai-Min; E-mail: jiangzmz@163.com

Abstract:

Syringa pinnatifolia, an endangered plant in China, was chosen to explore the dormancy mechanism of its seeds through morphologic observation, water-absorption regulation determination and the effect of seed soaking liquid on the germination percentage of Chinese cabbage seed. The effects of different seed soaking temperatures and different concentrations of GA₃ on seed germination characteristics were studied by indoor germination experiment. The different temperatures and light conditions were simulated to explore the best germination conditions. The results show that the water absorption rate of S. pinnatifolia seed increased with the raise of the soaking temperature. The final absorption rate ranged from 96% to 121%, which explains that it has good water absorption performance and indicates no physical dormancy. There is water-soluble germination inhibitors inside the seed, which has chemical dormancy characteristics that can be relieved by controlling the soaking time. The best soaking temperature is 30°C. In this condition, its germination percentage and germination vigor reached (86.00±4.00)% and (54.00±8.71)%, respectively, and the germination index was 5.44±0.44. The soaked seeds had the optimal germination data and the shortest germination starting time at constant temperatures of 15 and 25°C in dark. The regression analysis results of different influence factors and the germination rate show that light was the most significant factor. GA₃ treatment did not significantly improve seed germination rate and germination vigor, but high GA₃ concentration (400~800 mg•L^-1) treatment could increase the growing speed of the embryo and shorten the germination time, which shows that the seed has morphological dormancy.

Key words: endangered plant; Syringa pinnatifolia; seed; dormancy mechanism